Less than a week after Open AI released ChatGPT, CEO Sam Altman announced that the chatbot had already surpassed one million users. By January 13, 2023, the global Google search for the word “ChatGPT” had hit a popularity score of 92 and Microsoft has since invested $10 billion in OpenAI. Now, the chatbot is at capacity and no longer available for use thanks to server saturation, but OpenAI has recently announced a $20 per month subscription service that it will be piloting with people off its waitlist.
As most of us are now aware, ChatGPT is a text-based artificial intelligence tool capable of natural language generation and human-like responses with a certain level of accuracy. This new tool – and, importantly, conversations about the new tool – is taking the world by storm. Opinions abound. Some people are ready to totally embrace the tool, citing its high efficiency in creating texts such as emails or press releases in terms of time, money, and resources. Using ChatGPT to generate a letter of acceptance (or rejection), for instance, can reduce the time it usually takes to do this job from 30 minutes down to five. That’s quite spectacular, particularly for those of us who find such tasks time-consuming and tedious. Yet, others see the beginning of the end of human uniqueness and originality in the way that the tool uses massive amounts of commonly existing data. Misinformation is another shortcoming of ChatGPT because it pulls from trusted and non-trusted sources of data equally. On top of that, ChatGPT is unable to cite the references it uses in executing the requested tasks and sometimes (many times) it even makes up an entire response, albeit eloquently.
This new technology has a direct impact on higher education – and it certainly has classrooms talking. Opinions around the use of this tool in academia are clearly divided between enthusiasts (particularly students) and alarmists (namely professors). Professors fear (rightfully so) that the use of this tool will open doors to cheating and plagiarism, while students see it as the long-awaited technology that will help them with writing late assignments, executing complex coding exercises, and perhaps even acing exams. The whole academic body feels uncomfortable, and so do some students, it turns out. Princeton University senior Edward Tian spent his winter break developing a ChatGPT detector called GPTZero. “Everyone deserves to know the truth and everyone deserves a tool at their fingertips that can determine whether something is human or machine generated,” Tian told his hometown news station CVT Toronto.
All this activity and debate around the entrance (or not) of ChatGPT into academia shows that it is providing a shakeup that the industry has long needed, and perhaps even long craved. New technology, old problem, same debate.
What if the true assignment is no longer in providing an answer to a question or a solution to a problem but in analyzing how that answer is generated?
Historically speaking, technology has always affected education in significant ways and always with a mix of supporters and opponents. In his book, Teaching in a Digital Age, A.W. Bates writes that “arguments about the role of technology in education go back at least 2,500 years.” Written communication is one of the greatest tools that made knowledge more accessible and allowed the worldwide expansion of education. In Europe specifically, this coincided with the invention of the printing press in the 15th century. Ironically, Socrates, that great Greek philosopher, was not a strong supporter of written documents and did not believe writing to be an effective means of communicating knowledge. In the mid-1990s, Internet-based learning was made possible due to the development of web-based learning management systems, another technological breakthrough that made MOOCs possible, challenging the traditional educational model and causing debates that are still in existence today.
Could ChatGPT be the technological tool that will, finally, radically change higher education?
Alongside student wellbeing and campus sustainability, digital transformation is one of the biggest challenges facing higher education – and with ChatGPT, the challenges are even bigger. No doubt, there will be many who resist ChatGPT and much research and investigation spent on methods of not only detecting its use but preventing its entry into higher education. As if prevention in its entirety were possible. Whether we embrace or resist ChatGPT, there is no denying that this new tool has exposed, once again, the fragility and vulnerability of our higher education systems. Mack Institute Co-Director Christian Terwiesch tested the ability of ChatGPT in a Wharton MBA program Operations Management course and found that the tech tool would have received a B to B- grade on the exam. A rather unsettling result. According to Terwiesch, this outcome has numerous implications for business school education, including the need to improve teaching creativity and productivity, and to change current exam policies and curricula.
Wharton’s Ethan Mollick writes that “The businesses that understand the significance of this change — and act on it first — will be at a considerable advantage.” So, is this possible in the business of higher education? Isn’t it about time, anyway, that we revisit our curricula, evaluation criteria, and learning and teaching tools? Making room for this new technology might very well be the excuse we need, as Christian Terwiesch indicates. If our evaluation systems were reconsidered so that they are not based on endless assignments, multiple tests, and countless deliverables, then this would certainly make room within the curriculum and create time in the classroom (and out of it) for something new.
But the question becomes: room and time for what? This next step must be considered carefully, because what we have here is a golden opportunity if used wisely. Thus, we must not only ask, what will happen to our coding and programming classes if we rethink our evaluation systems thanks to the entry of ChatGPT (in whatever form that takes), but also: what do we want to happen? And what about courses focused on writing skills and communication? Should they be removed entirely from our educational programs? Just to think about such a change makes one uneasy.
This is the type of conversation that has started thanks to ChatGPT. We are finally asking the big questions about higher education.
As Mollick points out, ChatGPT may very well be the harbinger of a new era, one of human-machine integration. If that’s the case, education is the logical – and unavoidable – starting point. So, what if, instead of prohibiting the use of ChatGPT in essays, assignments, and exams, students were allowed – no, required – to use the digital tool, and then spend their time critically analyzing its output, outlining the thought-process and pinpointing its strength and weaknesses? What if the true assignment is no longer in providing an answer to a question or a solution to a problem but in analyzing how that answer is generated? This change in mindset around assignments could help students develop their critical and analytical thinking. What if, instead of worrying about the tool erasing student’s unique (and creative) writing and communicating skills, the focus shifts to using it to expose students to what Thomas Maisey calls “common and unremarkable” texts and writing styles so that they can learn to identify and outperform them? What if coding classes did not focus on writing code but on understanding the logical and computational mathematical thinking behind the code?
We can either view ChatGPT as the ultimate blow to our educational systems, or as the spark that will change education for the better. I think both humans and technology would provide the same answer to this question.
Just for the fun of it, I would like to leave you with the opinion of ChatGPT on its own impact on higher education:
The impact of ChatGPT on higher education is still evolving as the technology becomes more widely used and refined. However, there are some potential benefits and challenges that have already been identified:
Benefits:
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- Personalized and accessible learning: ChatGPT has the potential to provide students with a more personalized and accessible learning experience, offering instant answers to questions and helping to clarify complex concepts.
- Improved efficiency and productivity: ChatGPT can automate routine tasks such as answering frequently asked questions, freeing up teachers and staff to focus on more important tasks.
- Enhanced engagement and motivation: ChatGPT has the potential to engage students in new and exciting ways, using natural language processing and interactive dialogue to keep them motivated and interested in their studies.
Challenges:
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- Quality control: Ensuring the accuracy and reliability of ChatGPT’s responses is critical to its success, and there may be a need for human oversight and review of the output.
- Bias and fairness: There is a risk that ChatGPT may perpetuate existing biases or introduce new ones, potentially leading to unequal outcomes for different students.
- Dependence on technology: There is a concern that students may become too reliant on ChatGPT, reducing their ability to think critically and solve problems independently.
Overall, ChatGPT has the potential to transform higher education, offering new and innovative ways of learning and teaching. However, it is important to approach this technology with caution and to consider both the benefits and the challenges before adopting it widely.
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