Explore the regulations on export control and sanction programs to protect national security interests and promote foreign policy objectives. Study different regulatory frameworks such as U.S. and Europe and understand relevant compliance programs for this field of law.

The course will delve into the origin and evolution of the U.S. Anti-Corruption Law, OECD Initiatives, as well as the United Nations Convention against Corruption. Students will also study compliance programs and will explore relevant cases with international impact.

Students will be introduced to general aspects of European Competition Law, with special attention to the most recent developments resulting from the digitalization of the economy and the widespread use of online platforms and big data. Learn fundamental principles of European Union Competition Law, particularly the control of collusion and abuses of dominant position, merger control, state aid, the granting of exclusive or special rights, and other public restrictions.

Learn about the core elements and principles of International Commercial Arbitration and other Alternative Dispute Resolution methods such as Conciliation and Mediation. The course also examines the concept and features of institutional and ad hoc arbitration, and introduces the arbitration rules and recent developments in this area. Study the arbitral procedure and the recognition and enforcement of arbitration agreements and arbitral awards.

The course focuses on the international law applicable to cyber operations. Students will examine issues of jurisdiction linked to transnational cyber activities, the core international crimes, criminal content liability, data protection, computer misuse, copyright, and digital rights management.

This course examines the goals and the international legal framework that defines and governs privacy law, together with the balance between privacy and other rights. A particular emphasis will be made on European data protection, policing, surveillance laws and their relation with advertising, consumer protection, and intellectual property, among others, where relevant to privacy law topics.

Data protection and information privacy centers on how we, as individuals and organizations, distribute, manage, store, and secure the data we generate, use and collect. Special attention will be given to the Data Protection Act and to General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR), and how the international legal framework places clear responsibilities in connection to personal data.

Global Digital Corporations (e.g., Google, Apple, Amazon, X, etc.) play prominent roles in shaping the international digital sphere. The course explains the regulation of Internet corporations and their platforms in a global context. It also discusses the current regulatory challenges in a rapidly changing and complex economic and technological environment.

Businesses are increasingly using the internet and the digital world to carry their operations. The course analyzes key strategies and public policy issues surrounding digital economy through the application of different economic tools and principles. It will, furthermore, focus on the international legal framework that regulates e-commerce and the different areas of law relevant to it. It also explores how data provides businesses with deeper insight into how to successfully scale their business and better serve customers.

As AI systems become prevalent, their impact and transformative force grows larger on the market economy and on every market player. As a result, a myriad of international regulatory challenges arises. The course studies the new international and regional rules that are being created in an effort to protect human rights and to create a common framework.

Explore the history, evolution and fundamental concepts and components of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Dive into the analysis of IHL’s essential role in safeguarding individuals in armed conflicts and examine the concept of warfare from an international legal perspective. The course provides tools to understand the effectiveness of IHL in addressing contemporary global challenges. Gain insights into the crucial distinctions between International Humanitarian Law, humanitarian action, and humanitarian interventions.

What is an international crime, how is international criminal law created and how can an individual be held liable for international crimes? This course will help you find the answers to all these questions while studying the sources, institutions, and the substantive law. Discover the key actors within the field of Criminal Law at an international and regional level, and examine the legal instruments they employ. Learn the role of specialized agencies for criminal cooperation, including Eurojust, Europol, and the European Judicial Network, together with the workings of the European Arrest Warrant, designed to streamline cross-border law enforcement efforts.

The course introduces the studies on political violence and terrorism. Gain insights into various forms of terrorism, including Jihadist-inspired and nationalist terrorism, as well as other emerging types of threats.  Special attention will be paid to the international legal framework established to combat terrorism, providing you with a solid understanding of the legal aspects surrounding counter-terrorism efforts. Investigate the nexus between terrorism and armed conflicts, examining the complexities that arise in these contexts. Study terrorism from a global perspective, discussing its classification as both a crime against humanity and a war crime, and gain a nuanced understanding of the multiple challenges posed by terrorism in today’s world.

Technology is one of the main drivers in society nowadays. Study the intricate interplay between emerging technologies in our rapidly evolving society and the enduring demands for human rights. Explore how these new technologies can have both empowering effects on human rights, as well as negative and constraining impacts. Students will examine specific technological revolutions in various domains to analyze how they affect established human rights such as freedom of speech, freedom of association, compliance with laws of war, privacy, and health, among others.

The course explains the main elements of the Human Rights regime and the UN and regional mechanisms in place for the protection of human rights. It will also examine international jurisprudence through key cases and the concepts of hard and soft law. Following these core concepts, the course will delve into different approaches to file  both individual and collective complaints, and the different fora that exist.

AI technologies are a powerful tool that can have important impacts on human rights. As such, AI technologies can sometimes infringe established human rights, but they can also be an important resource in the track, report, and enforcement of international human rights law. Learning how to differentiate both is key in understanding and assessing where AI must be mitigated by regulatory intervention. Throughout the course, students will learn about specific human rights which are commonly affected by AI technologies, such as: health, freedom of speech, privacy, free association, and rights during wartime, to name a few.

The concept of climate justice, with community-led actions at its forefront, allows to tackle climate change as a social justice and equity topic. Hence, it entails the equitable and fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of addressing climate change and environmental degradation. The course will revolve around the study of climate injustices, climate litigation, and climate finance and the connection between climate justice and human rights.

The global space industry is one of the fastest growing sectors in today’s global economy. Its an area in which both national governments and private corporations are major players. Many legal aspects and international security are closely intertwined with the space race, where international, regional, and domestic rules coexist in an attempt to regulate the sector and to establish liability regimes.

With the ever-growing debate around climate change and climate justice, the energy industry has come under a severe scrutiny from society and regulators. While fossil fuels provide States with a source of revenues and constitute an important sector of the economy, they come with environmental degradation and health and safety risks. Even though alternative clean energies exist, they, too, pose legal and regulatory challenges while trying to provide a safe and affordable supply to consumers.

Study the transforming and intricate relationship between corporations, their stakeholders, and the societies where they function. While the economic and financial side of corporate operations and governance has been traditionally of concern to managers and investors, social changes in recent years have added moral, political, and social aspects as major public concerns. This course will focus, among others, on the policy and regulatory requirements in place for companies, together with risk management frameworks and internal control mechanisms.

The climate imperative has catapulted Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Law to the top of the board and regulators agendas. Hence, ESG factors are increasingly important in assessing the legal implications of business decisions.  This course will focus on the concepts closely related to ESG, such as responsible growth and sustainable finance, and will pay a close look at the ESG standards and regulations, which are developing swiftly at the domestic, regional, and global levels.

Corporate crimes are a growing area in international law. Several major economies such as U.S., France, Germany and the U.K. have enacted their own approaches and legislation which are sometimes different to one another and are constantly changing as the concept of corporate crime evolves and expands. The course will revolve around the core rules and principles of corporate criminal liability, differentiating between corporate and individual liability, and civil and criminal offenses. It will, furthermore, explain the international responses to corporate crimes and the increasing pressure placed by the law to prevent them in relation to environmental crimes, fraud and human rights.

This course will study the process and strategies by which corporations seek to ensure that employees and other internal stakeholders abide to applicable regulations. At such, the course will focus on topics such as internal enforcement, self-reporting mechanisms, whistleblowers, applicable regulations in respect to data privacy and transfers, corporate hospitality, and ethics, responsibility, and social culture.

Cost reduction strategies have traditionally been at the forefront of corporate decision-making processes in respect to their supply chains. Such strategies have not always considered the protection of all the individuals involved in the chain, nor have they kept in mind the environmental impact of their operations. However, recent social and regulatory demands have shifted the focus into these social, environmental, and human rights aspects of supply chains. Delve into labor practices in the global supply chain, examining the relevant regulatory framework for global labor relations and other human rights affected by supply chains.